Cervical Radiculopathy

What is Cervical Radiculopathy?

Cervical radiculopathy, commonly called a "pinched nerve" in the neck, occurs when a nerve root in the cervical spine becomes compressed or irritated as it branches away from the spinal cord. This compression can cause pain, numbness, or weakness that radiates down the shoulder, arm, and sometimes into the hand.

Causes

The condition is most often caused by degenerative changes in the spine that occur as we age (cervical spondylosis). As the discs in the spine lose height and bulge, the body may respond by forming bone spurs (osteophytes) to stiffen the joint. These bone spurs can narrow the space where the nerve roots exit, causing compression. In younger people, cervical radiculopathy is more likely to be caused by a herniated disc resulting from trauma or heavy lifting.

Symptoms

• Pain that radiates from the neck down the arm in the distribution of the affected nerve.
• A sharp, burning, or electric shock-like sensation.
• Numbness or tingling (pins and needles) in the arm or hand.
• Muscle weakness in the arm, shoulder, or hand.
• Symptoms that worsen with certain neck movements, especially looking up or turning the head.

Treatment

Most patients with cervical radiculopathy get better over time and do not need surgery. Conservative treatments include:

• Rest and Modification: Avoiding activities that aggravate the symptoms.
• Physical Therapy: Exercises to strengthen the neck muscles, improve range of motion, and promote better posture.
• Manual Therapy: Gentle mobilization, massage, and traction can help relieve muscle spasms and reduce pressure on the nerve root.
• Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or oral corticosteroids to reduce inflammation.